Ceramic vessel 1018. Cemetery Cerro de los Vientos (Baeza, Jaén, Spain)

Globular ceramic vessel from the ritual estructure 28 located in the cemetery Cerro de los Vientos (Baeza, Jaén, Spain). Handmade ceramic, oxidising atmosphere. It shows a decoration with red lines. The physical-chemical analyses carried out by MRS revealed that the red decoration was made using hematite (Fe2O3) in very high concentration (45.03 % wt according the EDXRF analysis).

Content analysis using GC-MS identified the presence of beeswax markers: alkanes nC23 to nC33, long chain alcohols C24 (OH) to C34 (OH), palmitic acid wax esters W40-W50 and hydroxymonosters W (OH)40–W(OH)48.

Condition: New product

Dimensions

Materials

pottery

Temporal

Period name : Orientalising

Date : 8th-7th ct. BC

Spatial

Location : Cerro de los Vientos

Geopolitical area : Puente del Obispo (Baeza, Jaén, Spain)

Spatial reference system : WGS84

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Chapter - Lechuga, M.A., Soto, M., (2017): "La tumba de la mujer y el joven del Cerro de los Vientos (Puente del Obispo, Baeza)", en Ruiz, A. y Molinos, M. (Eds.): Catálogo de la exposición La Dama, el Príncipe, el Héroe y la Diosa. Conserjería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, pp. 109-117.

Article - Sánchez, A Tuñón, J.A., Parras, D. J., Montejo, M., Lechuga, M. A., Ceprián, A. (2019): MRS, EDXRF and GC–MS analysis for research on the ritual and funerary areas of Cerro de los Vientos (Baeza, Jaén, Spain). Native and Eastern Mediterranean influences”. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 28

Digital Resources

Ceramic vessel 1018 Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica

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Raman spectrum of the red decoration Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica

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EDXRF of the red decoration Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica

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GC-MS. Beeswax Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica

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Photo. Ritual estructure 28. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica

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Activities

Archaeometric analysis

Spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis

Pottery. Analysis of decoration and contents

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineral analysis of the red decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement

MRS

Renishaw ‘in via’ Reflex Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with an argon ion laser (514.5 nm, 25 mW), diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), Peltier-cooled CCD detector, and calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis of the red decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement

Energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

An energy dispersive X-ray microfluorescence spectrometer (M4 Tornado, Bruker) was used for this paper (CICT, University of Jaen). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and a 30-mm2 energy dispersive detector (SDD). The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 25 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 50 kV and intensity of 600 μA. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays

Gass Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Content analysis. Lipids

Destructive method for the identification of the total lipid profile: fatty acids, sterols, wax esters, fatty alcohols, triacylglycerols, etc. Any remains of soil were removed with an electric hand-drill. The sample was then grinded to the appropriate size in an agatha mortar (0.25 mm). Extraction with a mixture chloroform/methanol (CHCl3:MeOH) (2:1 v/v) assisted by ultrasound. Derivatization of lipids to trimethylsilyl derivatives (TMS). The reaction takes place at 70 ° C for 30 min using N,O-bis- (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The sample is solved in cyclohexane and then injected in GC-MS. Chromatographic separation is performed applying a adequate temperature program

GC-MS

The analyses were performed using a using a gas chromatography equipment (model Thermo TraceGC Ultra) coupled to a Thermo DC Q II mass spectrometer. Autosampler Thermo Triplus (CICT, University of Jaén). The samples were introduced by on-column injection into a 15 m x 0.25 mm I.D. fused silica capillary column, coated with poly(dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase with 0.1 μm film thickness. Helium was used as the carrier gas (purity 99.99%)