Ceramic vessel 33-2. Las Calañas.

Ceramic vessel 33-2 from the Iberian agrarian factory of Las Calañas (Marmolejo, Jaén, Spain). Second ocupation phase. Oxidising atmosphere. It is decorated with red and grey bands. The red color is obtained using hematite (Fe2O3) in high concentration (14.61% wt of Fe inside and 13.58%wt outside). This leads to consider an extra addition of hematite in the clay mixture used in the decoration.
The analysis by MRS of the grey decoration was not conclusive, however the analysis by EDXRF has identified the attenuated but significant presence of Mn (0.81% wt versus 0.04% wt of the ceramic paste) in the grey decoration.



The black color is an oxide of manganese identified by MRS as bixbyite/hausmannite (Mn2O3/Mn3O4) and verified by the EDXRF analysis: 2.41%wt of Mn versus 0.05% in the ceramic paste.

New product

Dimensions

: 4.5 Centimeters

: 3 Centimeters

Materials

pottery

Temporal

: Orientalising, Iberians, Iberian

: Late 7th ct. B.C.-early 6th ct. B.C.

Spatial

: Las Calañas

: Marmolejo, Jaén, Spain

: WGS84

 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Tuñón, J.A., Sánchez, A., Parras, D.J., Vandenabeele, P. and Montejo, M. (2016): Micro-Raman spectroscopy on Iberian archaeological material”. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 47: 1514-1521.

Molinos, M., Rísquez, C., Serrano, J L. y Montilla, S. (1994): Un problema de fronteras en la periferia de Tartessos: Las Calañas de Marmolejo. Jaén: Universidad de Jaén.

Digital Resources

Activities

Archaeometric analysis

Physical-chemical analysis

Ceramic. Analysis of decoration

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineral analysis of the red decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (MRS)

Renishaw ‘in via’ Reflex Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis of the red and grey decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

EDAX (model Eagle III) fluorescence spectrometer (CITI, University of Seville). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and an 80 mm2 energy dispersive Si-(Li) detector. The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 300 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays

 

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