Tessera 1. Villa Cerrillo del Cuco (Vilches, Jaén, Spain)

Black tessera from the mosaic of the Roman villa of Cerrillo del Cuco (Vilches, Jaén, Spain). It is made from a vitreous raw material. Two types of particles have been visually identified alongside the vitreous matrix: white and metallic. Raman analysis of the matrix shows the Raman bands characteristic of lead silicate glass (471 cm⁻¹ and 967 cm⁻¹). Raman analysis of the white particles indicates the presence of cristobalite and quartz, while the identified peaks for the metallic particles correspond to lead oxide (litharge). Elemental analysis of the matrix shows a high concentration of Pb (45.24 wt%) and the almost complete absence of Na. All these data rule out the use of a soda-lime silicate glass typical of Roman tesserae and confirm the reuse of glass slag from galena smelting. The village of Cerrillo del Cuco is located near the silver-bearing galena mines and smelters that were exploited by the Romans for several centuries.
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Dimensions

: 1 Centimeters

: 1 Centimeters

: 1 Centimeters

Materials

glass paste

Temporal

: Roman

: 5th century AD

Otros metadatos

Spatial

  • : Villa Cerrillo del Cuco
  • : Vilches, Jaén, Spain
  • : WGS84
 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Molinos, M., Ruiz, A y Unghetti, C. (1981): Excavaciones arqueológicas en la villa romana del Cerrillo del Cuco (Santagón, Vilches, Jaén). Actas del 1 Congreso Andaluz de Estudios Clásicos, pp. 306-312.

Nueva Referencia <
Blázquez, J. Mª, López, G., San Nicolás, Mª P., Neira, Mª L. (1987): Mosaico romano de Vilches (Jaén). Archivo Español de Arqueología, 60: 275-279.

Digital Resources

  • Tessera 1
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Villa Cerrillo del Cuco
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Mosaic drawing in area 2, and mosaic of area 1
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Tesera 1. Raman analysis (vitreous matrix) IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]
  • Tessera 1. Raman analysis (white particle) IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]
  • Tessera 1. Raman analysis (metallic particle) IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]
  • IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]

Activities

  • Archaeometric analysis

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineralogical analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

Renishaw ‘in via’ Qontor Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), DPSS laser (532 nm, 50 mW) and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

EDAX (model Eagle III) fluorescence spectrometer (CITI, University of Seville). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and an 80 mm2 energy dispersive Si-(Li) detector. The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 300 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays.
 

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