Ceramic vessel 13-08. Oppidum Los Turruñuelos

Ceramic vessel from the Iberian oppidum Los Turruñuelos (Úbeda-Villacarrillo, Jaén, Spain). The site was the linked to the battle of Baécula during the 2nd Punic War (208 BC). Oxidising and reducing atmosphere. Decoration with red lines on grey background. The red colour is manufactured using hematite (Fe2O3) in high concentration (11.09% wt of Fe according to EDXRF analysis). The use of an extra amount of iron ore to be added to the clay mix used for decoration is proposed.
The grey background is the result of the transformation of hematite in magnetite (Fe3O4) in a reducing atmosphere. EDXFR analysis confirms the presence of Fe (4.40% wt) and the lack of Mn (0.01% wt) in the grey decoration.

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Dimensions

: 7 Centimeters

: 5 Centimeters

Materials

pottery

Temporal

: Iberian, Iberians

: 4th-3rd ct. BC

Spatial

: Oppidum Los Turruñuelos

: Úbeda-Villacarrillo, Jaén, Spain

: WGS84

 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Bellón, J. P.; Ruiz, A. Molinos, M; Rueda, C. y Gómez F. (eds.) (2015): La Segunda Guerra Púnica en la Península Ibérica. Baecula: arqueología de una batalla. Textos CAAI 7. Universidad de Jaen. Jaén.

Digital Resources

Activities

Archaeometric analysis

Physical-chemical analysis

Ceramic. Analysis of decoration

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineral analysis of the red decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (MRS)

Renishaw ‘in via’ Reflex Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis of the red and grey decoration

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

EDAX (model Eagle III) fluorescence spectrometer (CITI, University of Seville). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and an 80 mm2 energy dispersive Si-(Li) detector. The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 300 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays;

 

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