Tessera P-7. Cástulo (Jaén, Linares, Spain)

Black glass paste tessera from the Mosaic of Los Amores in Building D of Area 2 at the archaeological site of Cástulo (Linares, Jaén, Spain). Raman analysis of the glass matrix shows the Raman bands characteristic of lead silicate glass (473 cm⁻¹ and 959 cm⁻¹). Elemental analysis of the matrix reveals a high concentration of Pb (60.62 wt%) and the near absence of Na. All these data rule out the use of a soda-lime silicate glass typical of Roman tesserae and confirm the reuse of vitrous slag from galena smelting. The city of Cástulo is located near the mines and smelters of argentiferous galena that were exploited by the Romans for several centuries. The vitrous slag from galena smelting would have been reused as raw material for the manufacture of black tesserae.
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Dimensions

: 0.6 Centimeters

: 0.8 Centimeters

: 0.6 Centimeters

Materials

glass paste

Temporal

: Roman

: Late 1st ct.-2nd ct. AD

Otros metadatos

Spatial

  • : Cástulo
  • : Linares, Jaén, Spain
  • : WGS84
 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Sánchez, A, Tuñón, J., Montejo, M., Amate, P., Ceprián, B., Rousaki, A., Costa, M.,Saelens, D., Lycke, S.,Vandenabeele, P. (2021): “First insights into the archaeometric analysis of the Los Amores Mosaic in Cástulo (Linares, Spain): the Judgement of Paris”. Heritage Science, 9.

Castro, M. (coord.) (2014): Cástulo en movimiento: Avances del proyecto Forvm MMX (2011-2012). Revista Siete Esquinas, 6. Número monográfico.

Europeana: ciudad ibero-romana de Cástulo

Nueva Referencia

Digital Resources

  • Tessera p-7 Conjunto arqueológico de Cástulo-Forum MMX
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Location of the main areas and cemeteries in Cástulo Conjunto arqueológico de Cástulo-Forum MMX
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Mosaic of los Amores Conjunto arqueológico de Cástulo-Forum MMX
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Tessera p-7. Raman analysis IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]
  • IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]

Activities

  • Archaeometric analysis

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineralogical analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

Renishaw ‘in via’ Qontor Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (SCAI, University of Málaga), equipped with a solid state laser (473 nm, 25 mW), a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 50 mW) and a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

An energy dispersive X-ray microfluorescence spectrometer (M4 Tornado, Bruker) (CICT, University of Jaen). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and a 30-mm2 energy dispersive detector (SDD). The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 25 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 50 kV and intensity of 600 μA. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays.
 

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