Ceramic vessel 34004-2. Burial mound 34. cemetery of Tútugi.

Ceramic vessel 34004-1 from the burial mound 34 of the Iberian cemetery of Tútugi (Galera, Granda, Spàin). Oxidising fatmosphere. It is decorated after firing with a white layer with red lines and spiral motifs. The white layer is made up of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and the red decoration is obtained with a mix of cinnabar (HgS) y hematite (Fe2O3). Technically, use of cinnabar means decoration after firing, because cinnabar starts to change above 250 ºC, becomes black HgS between 335 and 386 °C, and sublimates at 584°C.
Cinnabar is known to have been used in the Iberian Peninsula in megalithic contexts and for the decoration of Iberian sculptures of a highly symbolic value such as the Lady of Baza and the Lady of Elche. The case under study here confirm that cinnabar was also used for decoration of the ceramic vessels of grave goods, which is further evidence of its exclusiveness.

New product

Dimensions

: 9 Centimeters

: 7 Centimeters

Materials

pottery

Temporal

: Iberians, Iberian

: Late 5th ct. BC-early 4th ct. BC

Spatial

: Cemetery of Tutugi

: Galera, Granada, Spain

: WGS84

 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Sánchez, A., Tuñón, J.A., Montejo, y Parras D. J. (2012): “Micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (µEDXRF) analysis of pigments in the Iberian cemetery of Tútugi (4th-3rd century b. C., Galera, Granada, Spain)”. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 43 (11): 1788–1795.

Rodríguez Ariza, Mª O. (2014): La necrópolis ibérica de Tútugi (2000-2012). CAAItextos. Universidad de Jaén, Jaén.

Sánchez, A.; Parras, D.; Tuñón, J. A. Y Ramos, N. (2014): “Análisis de recubrimientos y pigmentos en la necrópolis ibérica de Tútugi (Galera, Granada)”, Mª O. Rodríguez (ed): La necrópolis ibérica de Tútugi (2000-2012). Universidad de Jaén e Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica, Jaén. 349-368.

Digital Resources

Activities

Archaeometric analysis

Physical-chemical analysis

Ceramic. Analysis of decoration.

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Spectroscopic analysis

Mineral analysis of red decoration and white layer

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (MRS)

Renishaw ‘in via’ Reflex Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis of red decoration and white layer

Non destructive. Surface cleaning. Sample pretreatment is not required. Direct measurement.

Energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

EDAX (model Eagle III) fluorescence spectrometer (CITI, University of Seville). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and an 80 mm2 energy dispersive Si-(Li) detector. The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 300 µm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays.

 

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