Tessera 3001-0. Villa de Bruñel (Quesada, Jaén, España)

A red tessera from the mosaics of the Roman villa of Bruñel (Quesada, Jaén, Spain). Raman and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of calcite (CaCO3) and iron oxides, while X-ray fluorescence reveals a high concentration of Ca (86.38 wt%) and minor amounts of Fe (9.83 wt%). The raw material used was, therefore, a micritic limestone with a granular texture containing iron oxides. It likely originated from a Triassic block (olistolith) within the Guadalquivir Olistostrome Unit (scattered outcrops along the Betic front between Jaén and Jódar).
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Dimensions

: 1 Centimeters

: 0.9 Centimeters

: 0.9 Centimeters

Materials

Stone

Temporal

: Roman

: 3rd-4th century AD

Otros metadatos

Spatial

  • : Villa de Bruñel
  • : Quesada, Jaén, Spain
  • : WGS84
 

Copyrights

Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)

References

Sotomayor, M. (1985): “La villa romana de Bruñel, en Quesada (Jaén)”. Cuadernos de Prehistoria de la Universidad de Granada, 10: 335-366

Ramos, J. (2015): “Reexcavando sin destruir, cincuenta años después. Aplicación de nuevos planteamientos teóricos y metodologías a la villa romana de Bruñel (Quesada, Jaén)”. Arqueología y Territorio, 12, 177-189.

Digital Resources

  • Tessera 3001-0. Villa de Bruñel (Quesada, Jaén, España) IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
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  • Villa of Bruñel. General view IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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  • Villa of Bruñel. Mosaics IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
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  • Tessera 3001-0. Análisis Raman IUIAI-UJA
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    Arquiberlab
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  • IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
    [ver más...] [ver menos]
  • Tessera 3001-0. Thin section IUIAI-UJA
    Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND)
    Arquiberlab
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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Activities

  • Archaeometric analysis

University Research Center for Iberian Archaeology

Raman Microscopy

Mineralogical analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

Renishaw ‘in via’ Qontor Spectrometer coupled with a confocal Leica DM LM microscope (CICT, University of Jaén), equipped with a diode laser (785 nm, 300 mW), DPSS laser (532 nm, 50 mW) and a Peltier-cooled CCD detector, calibrated to the 520.5 cm-1 line of silicon.

X-Ray Fluorescence

Elemental analysis

The tessera was sectioned to expose fresh, unaltered cross-section

EDAX (model Eagle III) fluorescence spectrometer (CITI, University of Seville). This spectrometer is equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube with an Rh anode, a polycapillary lens for X-ray focussing, and an 80 mm2 energy dispersive Si-(Li) detector. The sample chamber incorporates an XYZ motorized stage for sample positioning. A high resolution microscope is used to position the sample on the desired distance from the polycapillary. To increase the sensitivity of the low Z elements, the sample chamber can be brought under vacuum. For the analysis of the samples, a spot size of 300 μm was chosen at an operating X-ray tube voltage of 40 kV. The tube current was adapted for each sample in order to optimise the detection of X-rays.

Petrographic analysis

Visual characterization (5X handheld magnifying glass) and reaction with HCl to determine its carbonate nature

Leica DM4P polarization microscope equipped with a Leica DFC450C camera.
 

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